Advances in IT and Electrical Engineering

Modeling of the textronic structure using the Iterative Fundamental Solutions Method

Mariusz Mączka — 2024-02-13

The paper describes an approach to modelling the conductance of a textronic structure based on the iterative fundamental solutions method. The analysis of the current density distribution in a thin conductive layer containing roughness resulting from the applied manufacturing technology is aimed at estimating its impact on the total current and the conductivity of the conductive path. The proposed solution makes it possible to define a structure model in three geometrical dimensions, and its numerical implementation in the form of the proposed method ensures efficiency and computational accuracy.

PROBLEMS OF ESTIMATING THE UNCERTAINTY OF WATER PH MEASUREMENT

Anna Szlachta — 2024-03-25

The article analyses the main problems associated with evaluation the combined standard uncertainty of the water pH measurement by the type A and B methods. It is shown that, for a small number n of the tested water samples, the type A standard uncertainty determined by the conventional method is underestimated. Therefore, the correct expression to calculate this component of uncertainty is presented. The authors also highlighted that since in the practical measurement the influencing quantities and sensitivity coefficients are not known absolutely precisely, therefore their uncertainties often have to be taken into account when estimating the combined uncertainty. For this purpose the authors have propose approach to correctly determine the type B components of combined standard uncertainty caused by not only the values of influencing quantities and sensitivity coefficients, but also their uncertainties. The proposed approaches are illustrated by estimating the uncertainty in the measurement of drinking water pH, presenting the corresponding components of measurement uncertainty budget.

The Multidimensional voice feature

Szymon Drywa — 2024-09-19

Sound waves are disturbances propagating through an elastic medium that, upon reaching the ear, elicit auditory sensations. Sounds generated by the surroundings can be captured by a transducer (microphone), which transforms them into an electrical signal. The signal from the microphone is then transmitted to a computer, where software allows for the extraction and analysis of individual tones. This process enables the description of psychoacoustic characteristics of sound as perceived by the human ear, including pitch, loudness, and timbre. Specific sound signals can be transformed into a sound spectrum, facilitating the examination of voice formants, which are clusters of energy in the signal's spectrum. Formants possess various attributes, including intensity and frequency (loudness and pitch). This article provides an overview of the human voice and related topics, along with insights from studying differences in psychoacoustic features of sound based on gender and age.