Humanities and Social Sciences

PROGRAM LIFE CYCLE – USING THE EXAMPLE OF A STUDENT PREINCUBATION PROGRAM

Robert BANAŚ — 2024-09-30

Modern businesses face various challenges, both from their environment and from within. By solving business problems, economic entities can act independently and also collaborate with other organizations, aiming for efficient and effective implementation of strategic and operational changes that make up programs, which have been growing in popularity in recent years. While the literature on the subject describes cooperation inthe implementation of programs between businesses, there is a research gap in relation to intersectoral cooperation for the scope being studied. This article aims to identify the process of initiating, defining, planning, delivering projects, renewal, and program project solutions using the example of a preincubation program. This program is implemented by a manufacturing company located in Poland in collaboration with a third-sector, non-profit entity. The case study method is used in the research process.

PRIVATE SPENDING ON EDUCATION IN EUROPEAN HOUSEHOLDS

Justyna KARWOWSKA — 2024-09-30

This article aims to present differences and changes in private expenditure on education in European households, with particular emphasis on Polish households. The analysis is carried out based on data from Eurostat and Statistics Poland. The research methods used include, among others, the simple regression method, Ward’s method, and the k-means method. In 2021, the highest share of education expenditure in relation to total expenditure was recorded in Cyprus. The lowest share of private spending on education occurred in Sweden, Belgium, and Finland. In most European countries, the percentage of spending on education in relation to total spending has increased. The share of expenditure on education in Polish households was most similar to that of households from Lithuania, Denmark, and the Netherlands. A comparison of different types of Polish households showed that most of the money spent on education was by self-employed people, the richest people, and people from large cities.

INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE RECOMMENDATION Z FROM THE POLISH FINANCIAL SUPERVISION AUTHORITY ON THE PRINCIPLES OF INTERNAL GOVERNANCE IN BANKS

Katarzyna KURZĘPA-DEDO — 2024-09-30

Corporate governance, which includes, among others, the bank management system, bank organization, and mutual relations of people performing key functions in the bank, after the global financial crisis of 2007, became one of the leading aspects in which banks, as well as national microprudential supervisory authorities, must pay special attention to. This paper aims to present the results of the institutional analysis of the recommendation of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority regarding internal governance in banks, carried out using a normative set method. Thanks to the application of this research method, the sources of the titular recommendation, its administrators, main beneficiaries, and maleficences are determined, and the selected resulting action plan regarding the policy of approving new banking products is reconstructed. The article also contains conclusions resulting from the application of the normative set method to the interpretation of regulations classified as soft law.

SELECTED TASKS OF THE PROVINCIAL COMMANDER OF THE STATE FIRE SERVICE IN TERMS OF ENSURING SAFETY DURING MASS SPORTS EVENTS IN POLAND

Patryk MASŁOWSKI — 2024-09-30

This article discusses the rights and obligations of the provincial commander of the State Fire Service, who has been equipped with the tasks of this entity in the field of safety of mass sports events. In accordance with the regulations of the Act of March 20, 2009, on the safety of mass events adopted by the legislator, the provincial commander of the State Fire Service plays a key role, among others, in assessing the safety status of the facility or area where a mass sports event is to be held. The commander also undertakes a number of direct activities aimed at preventing the occurrence of various types of threats during the events in question.

PARTICIPATION OF THE YOUNG GENERATION IN CULTURE

Anna MAZURKIEWICZ — 2024-09-30

Nowadays, participation in culture is not only about the consumption of provided cultural content but also involves the creation of content. It plays an important role in human life, especially for young people, due to its impact on their well-being. This paper aims to identify forms of participation in young people’s culture. For this purpose, an analysis of the literature on the subject is performed, and a survey of students is conducted. The results of this research showed that respondents are primarily interested in activities that allow them to spend time with their peers, while participation in culture using the mass media, as well as in “high culture,” is not of particular interest to them. Respondents claim that they commonly use modern technological solutions, but the Internet cannot replace personal participation in cultural events.

SUPPORTED EMPLOYMENT – THE WAY TO INTEGRATION AND INDEPENDENCE FOR PEOPLE IN A HOMELESSNESS CRISIS

Agnieszka MIKLEWSKA — 2024-09-30

The supported employment model for homeless people is based on a holistic approach that combines professional, housing, health, and social support. The innovative nature of the presented model includes students as assistants supporting people in a homelessness crisis since young people particularly appreciate professional activity as a way to develop and meet basic needs and, as a result, to solve problems. Students make a personal effort and, at the same time, invest in their professional future. Simultaneously, their enthusiasm and commitment to solving some problems and their innovative approach may be important for the people who are supported in a homelessness crisis. A key element of the supported employment directed at such people is an individual approach to the needs of each person and long-term cooperation between institutions.Thanks to this, people with the problem of homelessness have a chance to permanently integrate into the labor market and return to full independence in their lives.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 EPIDEMIC ON THE AGEING OF THE EUROPEAN POPULATION

Radosław MURKOWSKI — 2024-09-30

The COVID-19 epidemic caused an increase in excess deaths worldwide, most of which were in the elderly. This study aims to identify the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on reducing the intensity of change in population aging between 2020 and 2022 in selected European countries. Time-series analysis methods with trend and seasonality are used to estimate excess deaths. The study found that of the nearly 1.5 million excess deaths observed between 2020 and 2022 in the 28 European countries analyzed, almost 93% of these were in people aged 60 years and older. The results of the study indicate that in some countries (mainly central and eastern Europe), the scale of deaths due to the COVID-19 epidemic was large enough to clearly inhibit the aging dynamics of their populations.

THE ROLE OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN THE INNOVATION MANAGEMENT PROCESS

Marta PENKALA — 2024-09-30

The high dynamics of contemporary economic conditions, technological progress, and global competition make human capital extremely important in the context of implementing innovations that enable the broadly understood development and competitiveness of an organization. At every stage of the innovation life cycle, human capital, including the knowledge, skills, and experience of employees, plays a key role. This article aims to examine the importance of human capital as a factor supporting creativity and generating ideas, contributing to the creation and implementation of innovative solutions in organizations. It defines the concepts of human capital and innovation and characterizes the results of selected reports of national institutions regarding the analyzed constructs. Moreover, the importance of human capital in the context of organizational innovation and management of innovative processes is emphasized.

SAFETY CULTURE OF ECOSYSTEM SERVICES

Hanna SOMMER — 2024-09-30

In this article, an attempt is made to indicate the role and importance of ecosystem services as advantages that are provided to us by the environment. The authors demonstrate selected concepts of ecosystem services and their classification, but only to introduce the reader to pilot studies of the urban ecosystem. The present article aims to define the factors that influence the culture of utilizing ecosystem services in urbanized areas. In this article, a fragment of an urban ecosystem, specifically the Old Town of Gdańsk (which features anthropogenic elements and whose functioning is dependent on ecological and natural systems), is observed through a researcher’s eye. This area is predominantly focused on using international experiences in interdisciplinary research, a dynamically developing new science discipline called “city ecology.” The key research problem of this study is as follows: how can the safety culture be efficiently developed and integrated with the management of ecosystem services to ensure their persistence and resistance to environmental and anthropogenic risks?

JOB DISCRIMINATION AGAINST INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES

Elżbieta STOLARSKA-SZELĄG — 2024-09-30

The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between holding a disability certificate and job discrimination. The motivation for conducting this research is to identify a research gap relating to the insufficient recognition of the issue of dysfunction in human resource management, namely, the discrimination of individuals with disabilities by employers. This paper presents the results of a survey conducted on a sample of 148 people. The results of the nonparametric significance tests are discussed. Contrary to the subjective feelings of the surveyed population, the study found that, in selected areas, both the degree and character of a disability significantly correlate with job discrimination by employers.

THE UTAUT CONCEPT IN PUBLIC ORGANIZATIONS – RESULTS OF AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

Karolina SZYMANIEC-MLICKA — 2024-09-30

Changes in social, political, economic, and demographic fields are making public sector organizations look for new ways to deliver public services. Simultaneously, the cultural transformations that occurred during the final decade of the 20th century, resulting from the transition from an industrial civilization to a knowledge civilization and the dominance of information-communications technologies (ICTs), have profoundly impacted not only the extent and caliber of interactions among individuals but also the conditions under which organizations operate. Consequently, the public sector is forced to undergo extensive digital transformation. To achieve a successful transformation, however, the changes must be embraced by the end users, specifically those employed in the public sector. In this article, the results of a study on the acceptance of modern technology by public organizations in Poland are presented. The study uses the UTAUT model.

ON THE APPLICATION OF THE CONVERSION METHOD FOR WEBSITE EVALUATION OF POLISH BANKS IN 2022

Marek ZBOROWSKI — 2024-09-30

This article aims to examine the application of the new conversion method for evaluating electronic banking services. The conversion method consists of aggregating the average ratings of the respondents. Its intuitiveness results from the data collection process; the results collected from the respondents are converted using the algorithm presented in this article into the final result. The data was collected in 2022 using the CAWI method. The results of the calculations are compared with the results obtained by the scoring method, and the differences are interpreted. The conversion method reduces the subjectivity of the test results. The results indicate that economic factors have a large impact on users’ opinions about the quality of banking services. This is additionally confirmed by research conducted among this group of customers. The main implication for researchers is to demonstrate the effectiveness of the conversion method in the analysis of electronic banking services.