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Abstract
Hydrogen is increasingly recognised as an important energy carrier supporting the decarbonisation of industry, transport and energy systems. The development of hydrogen mobility may significantly increase the demand for electrolysers capable of producing high-purity hydrogen at a competitive cost. However, the transition from pilot projects to industrial production requires not only technological development, but also the preparation of assembly processes and supply chains. The aim of this article is to assess the readiness of the European supply chain for scaled electrolyser production and the assembly of hydrogen production systems, with particular attention to the needs of the hydrogen mobility sector. The analysis covers four electrolyser technologies developed in Europe: AEL, PEM, AEM and SOEC. PEM technology was analysed in detail due to its ability to produce high-purity hydrogen and its suitability for integration with renewable energy sources. The study was based on desk research, including the analysis of industry reports, manufacturers’ information, scientific publications and European Union documents. The main assemblies, subassemblies and components of a PEM system were identified, and selected elements were assessed in terms of sourcing model, supplier concentration, import dependence and quality requirements. The results indicate that Europe has significant technological, organisational and assembly competences, especially in system integration, automation, process fittings, mechanical components and safety systems. However, supply chain readiness is uneven. The main limitations concern specialised electrochemical components, such as PEM membranes, catalyst layers, porous transport layers, bipolar plates and hydrogen sensors. These elements are characterised by high technological complexity, a limited supplier base and high import dependence. The analysis shows that Europe is partially ready to scale hydrogen production technologies.
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