Keywords
transfer market
market value
sport finances
transfer fees
Abstract
Football is a massive business that has a global impact and involves significant financial transactions. The economic aspects related to player transfers have garnered substantial attention from scholars, analysts, and fans alike due to the substantial amounts of money involved in these transactions. The primary objective of this article is to expound upon the influential factors within the football transfer market, focusing on the top 100 most expensive players. Through the analysis of player positions, age, nationalities, leagues, and the clubs involved in these transfers, this study aims to highlight the significant factors that contribute to the valuation process and the overall dynamics of the market. The study highlights the significance of offensive players, as well as young players up to 25 years of age, who demonstrate a higher representation among the top 100 players. The global nature of the sport is reflected in the nationally diverse representation of players.
References
Carmichael, F., Thomas, D. (1993). Bargaining in the transfer market: Theory and evidence. "Applied Economics", 25(12). DOI: 10.1080/00036849300000150.
Chaudhary, S. (2020). Top 10 Football Clubs With Most Fans in The World in 2022. Access on the internet: https://thefootballlovers.com/top-10-football-clubs-with-the-most-fans-in-the-world/.
Deloitte. (2023). Deloitte Football Money League 2023. Access on the internet: https://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/sports-business-group/articles/deloitte-football-money-league.html.
Doyle, M. (2019). The Ronaldo Effect: What Cristiano has done for the Juventus brand. Access on the internet: https://www.goal.com/en/news/the-ronaldo-effect-what-cristiano-has-done-for-the-juventus/y2io1bd9hyv0100m35astqwxz.
European Commission. (2002). Commission closes investigations into FIFA regulations on international football transfers. Access on the internet: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/IP_02_824.
Franceschi, M., Brocard, J.F., Follert, F., Gouguet, J.J. (2023). Determinants of football players’ valuation: A systematic review. "Journal of Economic Surveys". DOI: 10.1111/joes.12552.
Frick, B. (2007). The Football Players’ Labor Market: Empirical Evidence From the Major European Leagues. "Scottish Journal of Political Economy", 54(3). DOI: 10.1111/J.1467-9485.2007.00423.X.
Fűrész, D.I., Rappai, G. (2020). Information leakage in the football transfer market. "European Sport Management Quarterly". DOI: 10.1080/16184742.2020.1797847.
Hoey, S., Peeters, T., Principe, F. (2021). The transfer system in European football: A pro-competitive no-poaching agreement? "International Journal of Industrial Organization", 75. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2020.102695.
Kutwa, K., Rafał, M. (2019). Polski rynek sportu. Polski Instytut Ekonomiczny. Access on the internet: http://pie.net.pl/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Raport_PIE-Sport-gospodarka.pdf.
Leszczyński, M., Metelski, A. (2021). The social media activity of top athletes during the global suspension of sports competitions – based on the example of Instagram. "Marketing i Rynek", 4. DOI: 10.33226/1231-7853.2021.4.1.
Leszczyński, M., Metelski, A., Rabczun, A. (2022). Digitalized sports products and various generations in the era of industry 4.0. "Sustainability (Switzerland)", 14(1). DOI: 10.3390/su14010095.
Metelski, A. (2021a). Factors affecting the value of football players in the transfer market. "Journal of Physical Education and Sport", 21(2). DOI: 10.7752/jpes.2021.s2145.
—— (2021b). The Duration of the Sports Career as a Determinant of the Second Professional Career. "Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska", 2. DOI: 10.17951/h.2021.55.2.57-64.
Müller, O., Simons, A., Weinmann, M. (2017). Beyond crowd judgments: Data-driven estimation of market value in association football. "European Journal of Operational Research", 263(2). DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2017.05.005.
Norton, T. (2021). Messi didn’t double PSG’s Instagram followers – Full Fact. Access on the internet: https://fullfact.org/news/Lionel-Messi-PSG-Instagram-misleading/.
Pastore, L. (2018). Third Party Ownership and Multi-Club Ownership: Where Football Is Heading for. "Rivista Di Diritto Ed Economia Dello Sport", XIV.
Pawlowski, T., Breuer, C., Hovemann, A. (2010). Top Clubs’ Performance and the Competitive Situation in European Domestic Football Competitions. "Journal of Sports Economics", 11(2). DOI: 10.1177/1527002510363100.
Poli, R., Besson, R., Ravenel, L. (2022). Econometric Approach to Assessing the Transfer Fees and Values of Professional Football Players. "Economies", 10(1). DOI: 10.3390/economies10010004.
Rohde, M., Breuer, C. (2016). Europe’s elite football: Financial growth, sporting success, transfer investment, and private majority investors. "International Journal of Financial Studies", 4(2). DOI: 10.3390/ijfs4020012.
Ruijg, J., van Ophem, H. (2015). Determinants of football transfers. "Applied Economics Letters", 22(1). DOI: 10.1080/13504851.2014.892192.
Transfermarkt (2023). Transfer records. Access on the internet: https://www.transfermarkt.com/statistik/transferrekorde.