Keywords
influence
authority
power
culture
Abstract
Robert Cialdini, in his book Psychology of Persuasion, presented six fundamental principles that are present in human interactions. These are reciprocity, social proof, commitment and consistency, liking, scarcity, and authority. These principles are universal and can be observed, more or less, everywhere we go. They are present in all ways of life in every nation. Nevertheless, there are noticeable differences when discussing the principle of authority concerning cultural and political backgrounds between various countries. Beliefs, customs, traditions, values and principles form the foundations of any culture. Because these factors vary between different nations, so do their cultural elements. In this paper, a case study approach is used to examine those differences by examining British and Polish ways of recognizing and submitting to the Principle of Authority.
References
Allen, K. (2014). Fifty years after the last hanging the UK has fallen out of love with the death penalty. “The Guardian” [Access: 31.03. 2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/aug/13/fifty-years-hanging-britain-death-penalty.
Amnesty International UK (2018). Northern Ireland abortion: 75% of UK public want government to change law – new polls [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/northern-ireland-abortion-75-uk-public-wantgovernment-change-law-new-polls.
Arendt, H. (1970). On Violence. London: Allen Lane.
Bates, J.M. (2004) From State Monopoly to a Free Market of Ideas? Censorship in Poland, 1976–1989. Amsterdam -New York: Editions Rodopi B.V.
BBC Today (2008). Censored on stage [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7638000/7638553.stm.
BBC UK The British Museum (n.d.). History of the World, the Magna Carta [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/OiBPq_-oTBydsT4NnccgSg.
BBC UK. The British Museum (n.d.). History of the World [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.bbc.co.uk/ahistoryoftheworld/objects/OiBPq_-oTBydsT4NnccgSg.
Bierstedt, R. (1960). An Analysis of Social Power. ”American Sociological Review”, Vol. 15. Edited by Scott John, Power, Critical Concept. 2001. London: Routledge.
Billington, M. (2010). Hair. “The Guardian” [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/stage/2010/apr/14/hair-musical-review.
Breay, C., Harrison J. (2014). Magna Carta: an introduction. “British Library” [Access:03.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-anintroduction.
Census 2011. Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. Key Statistics for Northern Ireland, Ethnicity, Identity Language and Religion [Access: 30.06.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.nisra.gov.uk/sites/nisra.gov.uk/files/publications/2011-census-results-keystatistics-northern-ireland-report-11-december-2012.pdf.
Cialdini, R. B. (2009). Influence – the Psychology of Persuasion. New York: Harper Collinse-books.
Clought, P. (2014). Wojciech Jaruzelski Poland’s last communist leader. Independent UK [Access: 30.03.2018]. Access on the internet: ttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/wojciech-jaruzelski-polands-last -communist-leader-who-imposed-martial-law-on-the-sovietsatellite-in-9436739.html.
Coates, S. (n.d.). England. The Free Speech and Free Press Around the World [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://freespeechfreepress.wordpress.com/england.
Cole, G.A. (1998). Organisational Behaviour. London UK: Continuum.
Dahl, R.A. (1961). Who Governs? Democracy and Power in an American City. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Davenport, R. (2014). National service conscription in Britain 1945–1963. “The Guardian”[Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/aug/20/national-service-consctiption-britain-richard-vinen-review.
Day, M. (2015). Poland mulls compulsory army training due to Russia fears. “The Telegraph”[Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/poland/11464797/Poland-mulls-compulsory-army-training-due-to-Russia-fears.html.
Dodd, V. (2017). Majority of police officers are prepared to carry guns. “The Guardian” UK [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/sep/22/one-in-three-uk-officers-want-all-police-to-carry-guns-survey-finds.
Dodd, V. (2017). Police in England and Wales to be asked whether they want to carry a gun.
“The Guardian” UK [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2017/jul/27/police-in-england-and-wales-asked-whether-they-want-to-carrya-gun.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.). House of Commons. British Government [Access: 9.02.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.britannica.com/topic/House-of-Commons-Britishgovernment#ref215006.
Encyclopaedia Britannica (n.d.). Parliament [Access:30.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.britannica.com/topic/Parliament.
European University Institute (2018). Poland, Academic Career Structure [Access: 10.02.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.eui.eu/ProgrammesAndFellowships/AcademicCareersObservatory/AcademicCareersbyCountry/Poland.
Gov. UK (n.d.). Consumer protection rights [Access: 30.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.gov.uk/consumer-protection-rightsdos.
Gov.UK (n.d.). Open Justice [Access: 4.04.2018]. Access on the internet: http://open.justice.gov.uk/courts/civil-cases.
Gov.UK (n.d.). Types of prison sentences [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.gov.uk/types-of-prison-sentence/life-sentences.
Graham-Harrison, E. (2018). Ireland votes to oust ’medieval’ blasphemy law. “The Guardian” [Access: 22.11.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/oct/27/ireland-votes-to-oust-blasphemy-ban-from-constitution.
Groskop, V., Bkanchard, T. (2016). Is it ok to wear pyjamas in public? “The Guardian” UK [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jan/30/is-it-ok-to-wear-pyjamas-in-public-darlington-head-teacher-primary-school.
Ibeji, M. (2011). King John and the Magna Carta. BBC History [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/middle_ages/magna_01.shtml.
Jones, D. (2015). “Magna Carta and kingship.” British Library [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.bl.uk/magna-carta/articles/magna-carta-and-kingship.
Kancelaria Sejmu. n.d. Kodeks Karny [Penal Code] [Access: 9.03.2019]. Access on the internet: http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/download.xsp/WDU19970880553/U/D19970553Lj.pdf.
Kelly, B. (2019). Abortion in Northern Ireland: Why terminations are illegal in one part of the UK. Independent [Access: 20.02.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/northern-ireland-abortion-illegal-laws-different-uk-pro-life-choicederry-girls-a8797131.html.
Legislation.gov.UK. n.d. Abolition of censorship of the theatre. [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1968/54/crossheading/abolition-ofcensorship-of-the-theatre.
Lukes, S. (2005). Power, a Radical View Second Edition. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
McSorley, Ch. (2018). Blasphemy, Stephen Fry and Referendum in Ireland. BBC News [Access: 22.11.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-45903094.
Milgram, S. (2017). Obedience to Authority. New York, NY: HarperCollins Publishers.
Morriss, P. (1987). Power – a philosophical analysis. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Obordo, R. (2017). It would change the power dynamic: police officers on carrying guns. “The Guardian” [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/uknews/2017/jul/28/it-would-change-the-power-dynamic-police-officers-on-carrying-guns.
Ombudsman Association (n.d.). Promoting independent complaint resolution. [Access: 1.04.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.ombudsmanassociation.org/find-anombudsman.php.
Parliament UK, House of Lords (n.d.). Role and work [Access:10.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/lords-briefingpapers/15595holbriefing-work-role-function.pdf.
Parliament UK. (n.d.), The two house system [Access: 18.03.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.parliament.uk/about/how/role/system.
Parsons, T. (1963). On the Concept of Political Power. “Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society”. Vol. 107. Edited by Scott John Power, Critical Concept. 2001. London: Routledge.
Paterson, T.T. (1966). Management Theory. London UK: Business Publications Limited.
Pollard, A.F. (1920). The evolution of Parliament. London; New York: Longmans, Green.
Pollard, A.F. (2007). Henry VIII. The Project Gutenberg EBook [Access: 1.03.2019]. Access on the internet: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/20300/20300-h/20300-h.htm#page001.
Pollard, A.F. (n.d.). The evolution of Parliament. Public Domain Google [Access: 9.02.2018]. Access on the internet: https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.$b22482;view=1up;seq=126.
Roberts, R. (2017). Church of England tells schools to let children explore gender identity. Independent [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/church-of-england-schools-let-children-explore-gender-identitytransgender-gender-fluid-a8051406.html.
Roth, G. “Introduction” to Weber, M. (1968). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Russell, B. (1938). Power: A New Social Analysis. London: Allen & Unwin.
Sentamu, J. (n.d.). Combating racism and celebrating diversity. Archbishop of York [Access: 6.02.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.archbishopofyork.org/concerns/combatingracism-and-celebrating-diversity.
Sherwood, H. (2016). Faith, hope and secularity: Ireland on brink of change as church powers wanes. “The Guardian” UK [Access: 24.11.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/feb/17/faith-hope-and-secularity-ireland-on-brink-of-change-aschurch-power-wanes.
Smith, A. (2017). The vast majority of UK police don’t carry guns. Here is why. NBC News [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/whylondon-won-t-arm-all-police-despite-severe-terror-n737551.
Sorensen, C. (2009). Fashion Marketing Third Edition, edited by Mike Easey, United Kingdom: A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication.
The Free Dictionary (n.d.). The clothes don’t make the man [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/the+clothes+don%27t+make+the+man.
The News, Radio Poland (2015). Poland marks 25-years since lifting of censorship [Access: 31.03.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.thenews.pl/1/9/Artykul/203213,Poland-marks25-years-since-lifting-of-censorship.
Weber, M. (1968). Economy and Society: An Outline of Interpretive Sociology. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Worley, W. (2016). Church of England loses more than 100,000 worshipers in a decade. Independent [Access: 2.02.2018]. Access on the internet: http://www.independent.co.uk/ news/uk/home-news/church-of-england-anglican-statistics-loss-worshipers-decade-sundayattendance-a7384631.html.