Abstrakt
In today's complex global environment, exploring leadership has become paramount in academia and practice. Despite extensive research and discussion, lingering questions underscore a fragmented comprehension of its essence. This conceptual paper aims to address this gap by unravelling the intricate nature of leadership, providing clarity on its definition and various styles. Based on the tendency to oversimplify or misinterpret leadership, this paper meets the rising demand for a comprehensive analysis that acknowledges its multifaceted dimensions. By delineating the disparities between leadership and management, elucidating diverse theories, and scrutinising organisational leadership styles, this paper strives to offer a holistic understanding of leadership's pivotal role in organisational development and effectiveness.
Bibliografia
Abdelwahed, N.A.A., Soomro, B.A., Shah, N. (2023). Predicting employee performance through transactional leadership and entrepreneur's passion among the employees of Pakistan. „Asia Pacific Management Review”, 28(1).
Abdulfatai, Y. (2021). Leadership and Effective Human Resource Management in Organization. „Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов. Серия: Государственное и муниципальное управление”, 8(3).
Abdullahi, D., Baba, Y.T., Umar, M.Z., Maishanu, I.L. (2022). Merit bureaucrats, good governance and innovation. „International Journal of Public Sector Performance Management”, 10(1).
Akbari, T.T., Pratomo, R.R. (2023). Leadership Communication Approach of the Indonesia Film Censorship Institute to Stimulate a Collaborative Climate. „Jurnal Komunikasi Ikatan Sarjana Komunikasi Indonesia”, 8(2).
Akdeniz, G., Kalem, S. (2020). How going to court affects the attitudes towards courts. „Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi”, 23(2).
Akinbode, G.A., Fagbohunde, O.B. (2012). Leadership and Organisational Factors as Predictors of Employees Organisational Commitment in Nigeria: An Empirical Analysis. “Business and Management Research”, 1(2).
Alblooshi, M., Shamsuzzaman, M., Haridy, S. (2021). The relationship between leadership styles and organisational innovation: A systematic literature review and narrative synthesis. „European Journal of Innovation Management”, 24(2).
Alipour, H., Aslani, A., Rahimi, A. (2013). Examining the Relationship of Sale Manager’s Leadership Styles and Employee’s Job Satisfaction at Daroupakhsh Company. “Singaporean Journal of Business, Economics and Management Studies”, 1(10).
Aljumah, A. (2023). The impact of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation on job satisfaction: The mediating role of transactional leadership. „Cogent Business & Management”, 10(3).
Alkrdem, M. (2020). Contemporary Educational Leadership and its Role in Converting Traditional Schools into Professional Learning Communities. „International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management”, 8(2).
Amanchukwu, R.N., Stanley, G.J., Ololube, N.P. (2015). A Review of Leadership Theories, Principles and Styles and Their Relevance to Educational Management. “Management”, 5(1).
Amina, J.A. (2022). Leveraging leadership style amid crisis: Submitting interleadership style as a new tool for quality decision-making. „International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research Methods”, 9(1).
Anane-Simon, R., Atiku, S.O. (2023). Inclusive leadership for sustainable development in times of change. „Routledge Open Research”, 2(16).
Antonakis, J., Avolio, B.J., Sivasubramaniam, N. (2003). Context and Leadership: An Examination of the Nine-Factor Full-Range Leadership Theory Using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. “Leadership Quarterly”, 14(3).
Arikan, C.L. (2020). An overview on leadership styles for organizations. „Romanian Economic and Business Review”, 15(3).
Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014). Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice (13th ed.). London: Kogan Page.
Ashikali, T. (2023). Unraveling determinants of inclusive leadership in public organizations. „Public Personnel Management”, 52(4).
Ashkanasy, N.M., Weierter, S.J. (1996). Modelling the Leader-Member Relationship: The Role of Value Congruence and Charisma. “Leadership Research and Practice”.
Asim, T., Turi, J.A., Shahab, H., Rubab, A. (2023). Impact of Authentic Leadership on Teachers’ Performance. „MOJEM: Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management”, 11(1).
Avery, G.C. (2004). Understanding Leadership: Paradigms and Cases. California: Sage.
Avolio, B.J., Bass, B.M. (2004). MLQ: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Redwood City: Mind Garden.
Aypay, A., Akyürek, M.I. (2021). A Systematic Review of Distributed Leadership Research from 2000 to 2020. „Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies”, 9(1).
Bachkirova, T., Jackson, P. (2024). What do leaders really want to learn in a workplace? A study of the shifting agendas of leadership coaching. „Leadership”.
Bans-Akutey, A., Ebem, D. (2022). E-leadership and adaptation to technological development of telecommunication businesses in Ghana. „Annals of Management and Organization Research”, 3(4).
Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and Performance beyond Expectations. London: Free Press.
—— (1999). Two Decades of Research and Development in Transformational Leadership. „European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology”, 8(1).
Bass, B.M., Avolio, B.J. (1990). Transformational Leadership Development: Manual for MLQ. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
—— (1997). Full Range Leadership Development: Manual for the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. Palo Alto, CA: Mind Garden.
Bass, B.M., Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational Leadership. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate.
Beauchamp, G., Hulme, M., Clarke, L., Hamilton, L., Harvey, J.A. (2021). ‘People miss people’: A study of school leadership and management in the four nations of the United Kingdom in the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. „Educational Management Administration & Leadership”, 49(3).
Beggan, J.K., Allison, S.T., Goethals, G.R. (2023). The Hazards of Great Leadership: Detrimental Consequences of Leader Exceptionalism. Cambridge University Press.
Bell, R.M. (2020). Toxic leadership and followership typologies: A partial replication study with scale refinement. „Integral Leadership Review”, 20(1).
Berkovich, I., Hassan, T. (2022). Principals’ digital instructional leadership during the pandemic: Impact on teachers’ intrinsic motivation and students’ learning. „Educational Management Administration & Leadership”.
Blake, R.R., Mouton, J.S. (1984). Solving Costly Organisational Conflicts. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Inc Pub.
Blanchard, U.J. (1969). Full-scale dynamic landing-impact investigation of a prototype lunar module landing gear. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Brown, S., Bryant, P. (2015). Getting to Know the Elephant: A Call to Advance Servant Leadership through Construct Consensus, Empirical Evidence, and Multilevel Theoretical Development. “Servant Leadership: Theory and Practice”, 2(1).
Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
Busse, R., Weidner, G. (2020). A qualitative investigation on combined effects of distant leadership, organisational agility and digital collaboration on perceived employee engagement. „Leadership & Organization Development Journal”, 41(4).
Bwalya, A. (2023). Leadership Styles. „Global Scientific Journal”, 11(8).
By, R.T. (2021). Leadership: In pursuit of purpose. „Journal of Change Management”, 21(1).
Cai, Y., Liu, P., Tang, R., Bo, Y. (2023). Distributed leadership and teacher work engagement: The mediating role of teacher efficacy and the moderating role of interpersonal trust. „Asia Pacific Education Review”, 24(3).
Carlyle, T. (1993). On Heroes, Hero-Worship, and the Heroic in History (Vol. 1). University of California Press.
Choi, S.B., Tran, T.B.H., Kang, S.W. (2017). Inclusive Leadership and Employee Well-Being: The Mediating Role of Person-Job Fit. „Journal of Happiness Studies”, 18(6).
Çoban, C. (2022). The dark side of leadership: A conceptual assessment of toxic leadership. „Business Economics and Management Research Journal”, 5(1).
Cole, G.A. (2002). Personnel and Human Resource Management. (5th ed.). London: Book-Power.
Coopasamy, S., Botha, A.P. (2022). Leadership 4.0: leadership changes required in the South African petroleum industry to support the Fourth Industrial Revolution. „South African Journal of Industrial Engineering”, 33(2).
Dalglish, C., Miller, P. (2010). Leadership: Understanding its global impact. Australia: Tilde University Press.
Dastane, D.O. (2020). Impact of leadership styles on employee performance: A moderating role of gender. „Australian Journal of Business and Management Research”, 5(12).
Day, D.V., Riggio, R.E., Tan, S.J., Conger, J.A. (2021). Advancing the science of 21st-century leadership development: Theory, research, and practice. „The Leadership Quarterly”, 32(5).
Dinibutun, S.R. (2020). Leadership: A comprehensive review of literature, research and theoretical framework. „Journal of Economics and Business”, 3(1).
Edmondson, A.C., Kramer, R.M., Cook, K.S. (2004). Psychological Safety, Trust, & Learning in Organizations: A Group-Level Lens. Trust and Distrust in Organizations. „Dilemmas and Approaches”, 12.
Elyousfi, F., Anand, A., Dalmasso, A. (2021). Impact of e-leadership and team dynamics on virtual team performance in a public organization. „International Journal of Public Sector Management”, 34(5).
Em, S. (2023). A review of different ideas concerning the characteristics of a good leader and shaping new ideas of an effective 21st century leader. „Journal of General Education and Humanities”, 2(1).
Evans, L. (2022). Is leadership a myth? A ‘new wave’critical leadership-focused research agenda for recontouring the landscape of educational leadership. „Educational Management Administration & Leadership”, 50(3).
Fasola, O.S., Adeyemi, M.A., Olowe, F.T. (2013). Exploring the relationship between transformational, transactional leadership style and organizational commitment among Nigerian banks employees. „International Journal of Academic Research in Economics and Management Sciences”, 2(6).
Fiedler, F.E. (1967). A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. New York: McGraw Hill.
Fiolleau, K., Libby, T., Thorne, L. (2020). The Right Stuff: Are Not-For-Profit Managers Really Different?. „Journal of Governmental & Nonprofit Accounting”, 9(1).
Fischer, T., Sitkin, S.B. (2023). Leadership styles: A comprehensive assessment and way forward. „Academy of Management Annals”, 17(1).
Fitzgerald, T. (2009). The tyranny of bureaucracy: continuing challenges of leading and managing from the middle. “Educational Management Administration and Leadership”, 37(1).
Frangieh, M., Rusu, D. (2021). The effect of the carrot and stick transactional leadership style in motivating employees in SMEs. „Revista de Management Comparat International”, 22(2).
Freeth, R., Akpan, A., Sonday, M. (2023). Dismantling Structural Racism in Organisational Systems. „Journal of Awareness-Based Systems Change”, 3(2).
Frimayasa, A., Windayanti, W., Fathiani, F., Rahmat, R., Febrian, W.D. (2021). Effect of Reward and Punishment on Employee Performance. „International Journal of Social and Management Studies”, 2(3).
Gardner, W.L., Karam, E.P., Alvesson, M., Einola, K. (2021). Authentic leadership theory: The case for and against. „The Leadership Quarterly”, 32(6).
Gastil, J. (1994). A Definition and Illustration of Democratic Leadership. “Human Relations, 47(8).
Gill, R. (2012). Theory and Practice of Leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Graen, G.B., Cashman, J. (1975). A Role-Making Model of Leadership in Formal Organizations: A Developmental Approach [In:] Hunt, J.G., Larson, L.L., eds., Leadership Frontiers. Kent, OH: Kent State University Press.
Greenleaf, R.K. (1970). The Servant as Leader Indianapolis: The Robert K. Greenleaf Center.
Hajiali, I., Kessi, A.M.F., Budiandriani, B., Prihatin, E., Sufri, M.M. (2022). Determination of work motivation, leadership style, employee competence on job satisfaction and employee performance. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 2(1).
Hallinger, P. (2023). An Empirical Reflection on Educational Administration Quarterly's Distinctive Contributions to the Field, 1965–2020. „Educational Administration Quarterly”, 59(5).
Hancock, A.J., Gellatly, I.R., Walsh, M.M., Arnold, K.A., Connelly, C.E. (2023). Good, bad, and ugly leadership patterns: Implications for followers’ work-related and context-free outcomes. „Journal of Management”, 49(2).
Haraida, B., Blass, E. (2020). Recognizing “authentic leadership” – What does it mean. „International Journal of Business and Social Science”, 11(6).
Harris, A., Jones, M., Ismail, N. (2022). Distributed leadership: taking a retrospective and contemporary view of the evidence base. „School Leadership & Management”, 42(5).
Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity [In:] Snyder, C.R., Lopez, S., eds., Handbook of Positive Psychology. United Kingdom: Oxford University Press.
Hasan, F., Kashif, M. (2021). Psychological safety, meaningfulness and empowerment as predictors of employee well-being: a mediating role of promotive voice. „Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration”, 13(1).
Helmy, I. (2024). How Authentic Leadership Improves Innovative Work Behavior in SMEs: The Mediating Role of Thriving at Work. „Jurnal Cafetaria”, 5(1).
Hemphill, J.K., Coons, A.E. (1957). Development of the Leader Behavior Description and Measurement. Columbus: Business Research, Ohio State University.
Henriksen, M., Lundby, T. (2021). Fearless Leadership: Managing Fear, Leading with Courage and Strengthening Authenticity. Routledge.
House, R.J. (1996). Path-Goal Theory of Leadership: Lessons, Legacy, and a Reformulated Theory. “Leadership Quarterly”, 7(3).
House, R.J., Mitchell, T.R. (1974). Path-Goal Theory of Leadership. “Journal of Contemporary Business”, 3.
Huang, C., Qian, J., Jin, Z., Wang, B. (2017). Unlocking the Mask: A Close Look at How Servant Leaders Influence People. Current Psychology.
Husk, K., Blockley, K., Lovell, R., Bethel, A., Lang, I., Byng, R., Garside, R. (2020). What approaches to social prescribing work, for whom, and in what circumstances? A realist review. „Health & social care in the community”, 28(2).
Ibrahim, M.G. (2022). Distributed Leadership and Positive Behaviour Management in Ghanaian High Schools: Contextualisation of theory and practice. „International Journal of Social Science Research and Review”, 5(9).
Iqbal, Z.A., Ali, M., Zafar, R., Hassan, Q., Rukh, L. (2020). Authentic leadership effects on job satisfaction and organizational commitment: Mediating role of leader member exchange. „International Journal of Information, „Business and Management”, 12(4).
Jambo, D., Hongde, L. (2020). The Effect of Principal's Distributed Leadership Practice on Students' Academic Achievement: A Systematic Review of the Literature. „International Journal of Higher Education”, 9(1).
Javed, H.A., Jamal, W.N. (2022). Leadership and Employees’ Productivity: Measuring An Impact of Three Selected Leadership Styles on Employees’ Productivity in the Banking Sector of Bahawalpur, Pakistan. „Journal of Organization and Business”, 3(1).
Johansson, J., Edwards, M. (2021). Exploring caring leadership through a feminist ethic of care: The case of a sporty CEO. „Leadership”, 17(3).
Kalish, Y., Luria, G. (2021). Traits and time in leadership emergence: A longitudinal study. „The Leadership Quarterly”, 32(2).
Kelemen, T.K., Matthews, S.H., Matthews, M.J., Henry, S.E. (2023). Humble leadership: A review and synthesis of leader expressed humility. „Journal of Organizational Behavior”, 44(2).
Khan, D., Chaudhry, H.K. (2023). An Empirical Review of Servant Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: A Case of Higher Education Institutes of Pakistan. „Journal of Development and Social Sciences”, 4(2).
Khan, M.S., Khan, I., Qureshi, Q.A., Ismail, H.M., Rauf, H., Latif, A., Tahir, M. (2015). The Styles of Leadership: A Critical Review. “Public Policy and Administration Research”, 5(3).
Khan, S.N., Rehman, H.M., Javaid, M. (2022). Overview of leadership approaches [In:] Leadership and followership in an organizational change context (p. 1–21). IGI Global.
Kiersch, C.E., Byrne, Z.S. (2015). Is Being Authentic Being Fair? Multilevel Examination of Authentic Leadership, Justice, and Employee Outcomes. “Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies”, 22(3).
Konovsky, M. A. (2000). Understanding Procedural Justice and Its Impact on Business Organizations. “Journal of Management”, 26.
Kuknor, S.C., Bhattacharya, S. (2022). Inclusive leadership: new age leadership to foster organizational inclusion. „European Journal of Training and Development”, 46(9).
Kumar, V., Dhiman, S. (2020). Happiness and workplace well-being: Transformational leadership and the role of ethical and spiritual values. „The Palgrave handbook of workplace well-being”.
Kusmargono, C.A., Jaya, W.K., Hadna, A.H., Sumaryono, S. (2023). The Effect of Authentic Leadership on Innovative Work Behavior Mediated by Work Meaningfulness. „Journal of Psychology and Behavior Studies”, 3(2).
Leroy, H.L., Anisman-Razin, M., Avolio, B.J., Bresman, H., Stuart Bunderson, J., Burris, E.R., Claeys, J, Detert, J.R., Dragoni, L, Giessner, S.R., Kniffin, K.M., Kolditz, T, Petriglieri, G, Pettit, N.C., Sitkin, S.B., Quaquebeke Vongswasdi, P. (2022). Walking our evidence-based talk: The case of leadership development in business schools. „Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies”, 29(1).
Lewin, K. (1939). Experiments in Social Space [In:] Cartwright, D., ed., Field Theory in Social Science: Selected Theoretical Papers. New York: Harper Torch books.
Lewin, K., Lippitt, R., White, R.K. (1939). Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created “Social Climates. “Journal of Social Psychology”, 10(2).
Liden, R.C., Panaccio, A., Meuser, J.D., Hu, J., Wayne, S.J. (2014). 17 Servant Leadership: Antecedents, Processes, and Outcomes. The Oxford Handbook of Leadership and Organizations.
Lippit, R. (1940). An Experimental Study of the Effect of Democratic and Authoritarian Group Atmospheres. University of Iowa Studies in Child Welfare, 16.
Liu, Y. (2020). Focusing on the practice of distributed leadership: The international evidence from the 2013 TALIS. „Educational Administration Quarterly”, 56(5).
Malik, M.S., Suleman, F., Ali, N., Arshad, F. (2017). An Empirical Analysis of Impact of Inclusive Leadership on Employee Engagement in International Non-Government Organizations (INGO’s) of Punjab (Pakistan). “International Journal of Economic Management Science”, 6(4).
Marliza, Y. (2022). Leadership Style, Motivation, and Communication on Organizational Commitment and Employee Performance in the Rokan Hulu Regional General Hospital. “Journal of Applied Business and Technology”, 3(1).
Mbivya, I.M. (2023). People-oriented Servant Leadership and Employee Performance in the Kenyan Lower Eastern County Assemblies. “PAC University Journal of Arts and Social Sciences”, 5(1).
Modeste, M.E. (2022). Distributed Leadership: Framework for Examining Leadership Practice. Routledge.
Mohamed, A., Ibrahim, Z.Z., Silong, A.D., Abdullah, R. (2016). Distributed Leadership in a Low-carbon City Agenda. “Sustainability”, 8(8).
Morrison-Smith, S., Ruiz, J. (2020). Challenges and barriers in virtual teams: a literature review. “SN Applied Sciences”, 2(6).
Murphy, K.R. (2020). Performance evaluation will not die, but it should. “Human Resource Management Journal”, 30(1).
Nembhard, I.M., Edmondson, A.C. (2006). Making It Safe: The Effects of Leader Inclusiveness and Professional Status on Psychological Safety and Improvement Efforts in Health Care Teams. “Journal of Organisation Behaviour”, 27.
Northouse, P.G. (2021). “Leadership: Theory and practice. London: Sage Publications.
Nye, J. (2008) The Powers to Lead. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ogbah, E.L. (2013). Leadership style and organizational commitment of workers in academic libraries, Delta State. “International Journal of Academic research in business and social sciences”, 13(7).
Ogona, I.K., Ololube, N.P. (2022). Upside-down leadership: a panacea to falling standards of public universities in Nigeria [In:] Proceedings of the 2 nd international Conference on Institutional Leadership and Capacity Building in Africa.
Oswald, D., Lingard, H., Zhang, R.P. (2022). How transactional and transformational safety leadership behaviours are demonstrated within the construction industry. “Construction management and economics”, 40(5).
Peretomode, V.F. (2021). Demystifying the Ivory Tower Syndrome in Universities through the Use of Transformational Leadership. “International Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Studies, 13(1).
Perpék, É., Győri, Á., Lengyel, G. (2021). Preferred leadership style, managerial and entrepreneurial inclination among Hungarian students. “Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship”, 10.
Platt, M. (2020). The Leader's Brain: Enhance Your Leadership, Build Stronger Teams, Make Better Decisions, and Inspire Greater Innovation with Neuroscience. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Polat, M., Turhaner, K. (2024). The relationship between inclusive leadership and teachers' perceptions of organizational trust: A cross-sectional survey in Türkiye. “Journal of Pedagogical Research”, 8(1).
Polinaidu, S. (2011). Public Administration. New Delhi: Galgotia Publications Pvt. Ltd.
Puni, A., Hilton, S.K., Quao, B. (2021). The interaction effect of transactional-transformational leadership on employee commitment in a developing country. “Management Research Review”, 44(3).
Rademaker, T., Klingenberg, I., Süß, S. (2023). Leadership and technostress: a systematic literature review. “Management Review Quarterly”.
Raj, S., Singh, K., Kumar, A., Bhatt, B. (2023). Unveiling the Nexus: A Meta-Analytical Exploration of The Relationship Between Authentic Leadership And Organizational Commitment. „International Journal of Management, Public Policy and Research”, 2(4).
Rehbock, S.K. (2020). Academic leadership: Challenges and opportunities for leaders and leadership development in higher education. „Modern Day challenges in academia”.
Richards, A. (2020). Exploring the benefits and limitations of transactional leadership in healthcare. „Nursing Standard”, 35(12).
Rickley, M., Stackhouse, M. (2022). Global leadership effectiveness: A multilevel review and exploration of the construct domain. „Advances in global leadership”, 14.
Robbins, S.P., DeCenzo, D.A., Coulter, M.K., Langton, N. (2008). Fundamentals of management: Essential concepts and applications. Pearson Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River.
Robbins, S.P., Judge, T.A., Vohra, N. (2012). Emotions and moods. Organizational Behavior 15th Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
Roberson, Q., Perry, J.L. (2022). Inclusive leadership in thought and action: A thematic analysis. „Group & Organization Management”, 47(4).
Robert, V., Vandenberghe, C. (2021). Laissez-faire leadership and affective commitment: The roles of leader-member exchange and subordinate relational self-concept. „Journal of Business and Psychology”, 36(4).
Rybnikova, I., Juknevičienė, V., Toleikienė, R., Leach, N., Āboliņa, I., Reinholde, I., Sillamäe, J. (2022). Digitalisation and e-leadership in local government before COVID-19: Results of an exploratory study [In:] Forum Scientiae Oeconomia (Vol. 10, No. 2).
Saher, S., Masih, S., Raju, V. (2021). Impact of despotism on well-being through perceived stress and moderating role of emotional intelligence: A testing of social exchange theory. „Journal of Administrative and Business Studies”, 7(1).
Salem, M., Van Quaquebeke, N., Besiou, M. (2022). Aid worker adaptability in humanitarian operations: Interplay of prosocial motivation and authoritarian leadership. „Production and Operations Management”, 31(11).
Saltik, Z. (2023). Behavioral Approaches to Leadership [In:] Leadership Approaches in Global Hospitality and Tourism. IGI Global.
Samimi, M., Cortes, A.F., Anderson, M.H., Herrmann, P. (2022). What is strategic leadership? Developing a framework for future research. „The Leadership Quarterly”, 33(3).
Sapru, R.K. (2011). Administrative Theories and Management Thought. India: PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
Schiuma, G., Schettini, E., Santarsiero, F., Carlucci, D. (2022). The transformative leadership compass: six competencies for digital transformation entrepreneurship. „International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research”, 28(5).
Shafaei, A., Nejati, M., Omari, M., Sharafizad, F. (2024). Inclusive leadership and workplace bullying: a model of psychological safety, self-esteem, and embeddedness. „Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies”, 31(1).
Sharpley, D. (2024). Leadership Principles and Purpose: Developing Leadership Effectiveness and Future-Focused Capability. CRC Press.
Shaw, S. (2023). The Philosophy of Authentic Leadership. Springer Nature.
Soon, C.C., Salamzadeh, Y. (2021). The impact of digital leadership competencies on virtual team effectiveness in MNC companies in Penang, Malaysia. „Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and Economics”, 8(2).
Stogdill, R.M., Coons, A.E. (1957). Leader behavior: Its description and measurement. Ohio State University Bureau of Business Research, Columbus, OH.
Subhaktiyasa, P.G., Andriana, K.R.F., Sintari, S.N.N., Wati, W.S., Sumaryani, N.P., Lede, Y.U. (2023). The effect of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and spiritual leadership on organizational citizenship behavior. „Jurnal Organisasi Dan Manajemen”, 19(1).
Swarup, B. (2013). Leadership [Access: 3.07.2017]. Access on the internet: http://www.hrfolks.com.
Tolstikov-Mast, Y., Murnane-Rainey, J.A. (2021). Leadership Studies Across Cultures and Nations: Traditional Epistemology and New Horizons [In:] Handbook of International and Cross-Cultural Leadership Research Processes. Routledge.
Torre, T., Sarti, D. (2020). The “way” toward e-leadership: Some evidence from the field. „Frontiers in psychology”, 11.
Tran, Q.H. (2021). Stress, task, and relationship orientations of Vietnamese working adults: do age, gender, and government work experience make a difference?. „Public Organization Review”, 21(1).
Traver-Marti, J.A., Ballesteros-Velazquez, B., Beldarrain, N.O., Maiquez, M.D.C.C. (2023). Leading the curriculum towards social change: Distributed leadership and the inclusive school. „Educational Management Administration & Leadership”, 51(3).
Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant Leadership: A Review and Synthesis. “Journal of Management”, 37(4).
Van Knippenberg, D. (2020). Meaning-based leadership. „Organizational Psychology Review”, 10(1).
Van Quaquebeke, N., Vogt, C. (2022). Leadership behaviour: Revisiting the Ohio Stat e studies. „Organisational Psychology: Revisiting the Classic Studie”.
Wamalwa, L.S. (2023). Transactional and transformational leadership styles, sensing, seizing, and configuration dynamic capabilities in Kenyan firms. „Journal of African Business”, 24(3).
Wheaton, C.E. (2022). At Your Service: Living the Lessons of Servant Leadership. Dorrance Publishing.
Wu, G.F., Li, M. (2023). Impact of inclusive leadership on employees’ innovative behavior: A relational silence approach. „Frontiers in psychology”, 14.
Young, H.R., Glerum, D.R., Joseph, D.L., McCord, M.A. (2021). A meta-analysis of transactional leadership and follower performance: Double-edged effects of LMX and empowerment. „Journal of Management”, 47(5).
Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations. (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education.
Zaidi, S.Y.A., Jamshed, S. (2023). Leadership in developing countries: The untold story of seth leadership. „Global Business and Organizational Excellence”, 42(4).