Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
For repairing punctures of skin of semi-monocoque structures under field conditions, simple methods are sought to guarantee the reliability of the repaired structure. Therefore, adhesive joints and composite materials are being increasingly used in repairs. During repairs using adhesion, an important aspect that affects the quality of the joint is the selection of the adhesive and the quality of surface preparation of the parts to be joined. This is necessary to get the right bond strength and durability of the joint in working environments characterized by extreme temperatures and exposure to chemicals and moisture. The purpose of the study was to select an adhesive with good strength properties for bonding AW2024T3 aluminum sheets to carbon and glass composites, and to analyze the effect of metal surface preparation on the strength of adhesive joints (grinding, sandblasting and chemical surface preparation). The tests were carried out on overlap (metal-composite) specimens. For selected adhesives, strength tests were also carried out on specimens replicating the repaired damage with a diameter of 20 mm of metal skin repaired by different methods, including composite patches and adhesive joints. The specimens were loaded in tension and loss of stability. The tests made it possible to determine the requirements for composite patches used for repairing upper and lower airframe wing skins.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
References
Starke E.A. Jr., Staley J.T. 2011. Chapter 24: Application of modern aluminum alloys to aircraft. Fundamentals of Aluminium Metallurgy. Production, Processing and Applications. Pages 747-783. Woodhead Publishing Series in Metals and Surface Engineering.
Baker Alan A., Wang John. 2018. Chapter 6: Adhesively Bonded Repair/Reinforcement of Metallic Airframe Components: Materials, Processes, Design and Proposed Through-Life Management. Aircraft Sustainment and Repair. Pages 191-252. Butterworth Heinemann.
Baker Alan A., Jones Rhys A.C. 2012. “Bonded Repair of Aircraft Structures”. Springer Science & Business Media.
Baker A.A. 2002. Chapter 1: Introduction and Overview. Advances in the bonded composite repair of metallic aircraft structure – Volume 1. Pages 1 – 18.
Shang X., Marques E.A.S., Machado J.J.M., Carbas R.J.C., Jiang D., da Silva L.F.M. 2019. “Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends”. Composite Part B: Engineering 177.
Kweon J.H., Jung J.W., Kim T.H., Choi J.H., Kim D.H. 2006. “Failure of carbon composite-to-aluminum joints with combined mechanical fastening and adhesive bonding”. Composite Structures 75: 192–198.
Jeevi G., Nayak S.K., Abdul K.M. 2019. “Review on adhesive joints and their application in hybrid composite structures”. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 33 (14).
Zitoune R, Collombet F. 2007. “Numerical prediction of the thrust force responsible of delamination during the drilling of the long-fibre composite structures”. Composite Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 38: 858–866.
Davim J.P., Reis P., Antonio C.C. 2004. “Drilling fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) manufactured by hand lay-up: influence of matrix (Viapal VUP 9731 and ATLAC 382-05)”. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 155–156 : 1828–1833.
Kupski J., Teixeira de Freitas S. 2021. “Design of adhesively bonded lap joints with laminated CFRP adherends: Review, challenges and new opportunities for aerospace structure”. Composite Structures 268 : 113923.
Yudhanto A., Alfano M., Lubineau G. 2021 “Surface preparation strategies in secondary bonded thermoset-based composite materials: A review”. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 147 : 106443.
Gary C.W. 2021. Chapter 4: Surface pretreatments for optimized adhesive bonding. Adhesive Bonding (Second Edition) Science, Technology and Applications. Woodhead Publishing Series in Welding and Other Joining Technologies. Pages 109-132.
Loutas T.H. , Sotiriadis G., Bonas D., Kostopoulos V. 2019. “A statistical optimization of a green laser‐assisted ablation process towards automatic bonded repairs of CFRP composites”. Polymer Composites 40 (8).
Dillingham R.G., Oakley B.R., Dan-Jumbo E., Baldwin J., Keller R., Magato J. 2014. “Surface treatment and adhesive bonding techniques for repair of high-temperature composite materials”. Journal Composite Materials, 48 (7).
Baker A.A., Jonse R. 2002. “Advances in the bonded composite repair of metallic aircraft structure. Volume 1”. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers.
Banea M.D., Da Silva L.F. 2009. Adhesively bonded joints in composite materials: an overview. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 223:1–18
Dillingham R.G. 2013. “Qualification of surface preparation processes for bonded aircraft repair”. BTG Labs. 2013.
Hamill L., Nutt S. 2018. “Adhesion of metallic glass and epoxy in composite-metal bonding”. Composites Part B: Engineering 134, Pages 186-192
Li S., Sun T., Liu Ch., Yang W., Tang Q. 2018. “A study of laser surface treatment in bonded repair of composite aircraft structures”. The Royal Society Publishing 18 (3).
Chester R. 2002. Chapter 2: Materials Selection and Engineering. Advances in the bonded composite repair of metallic aircraft structure – Volume 1. Pages 19 – 40.
Andrew J.J., Srinivasan S.M., Arockiarajan A. 2019. “Influence of patch lay-up configuration and hybridization on low velocity impact and post-impact tensile response of repaired glass fiber reinforced plastic composites”. Journal Composite Materials, 53 (1), pp. 3-17.
Zhou W., Ji X., Yang S., Liu J., Ma L. 2021. “Review on the performance improvements and non-destructive testing of patches repaired composites”. Composite Structures 263. 113659.
Yala A.A., Megueni A. 2009. “Optimisation of composite patches repairs with the design of experiments method”. Materials and Design 30 (1), pp. 200-205.
Bouanani M.F., Benyahia F., Albedah A., Aid A., Bouiadjra B., Belhouari M., Achour T. 2013. “Analysis of the adhesive failure in bonded composite repair of aircraft structures using modified damage zone theory”. Materials and Design 50, pp. 433-439